Find a skill and its lesson.

Phonic knowledge

1. Matches letters to their most common soundsBuilds on: Hears and says the first sound in a spoken word; Tells letters, words, numerals and punctuation apart on the page
2. Blends sounds to read and spell short words like cat and sunBuilds on: Matches letters to their most common sounds; Blends and segments all the sounds in a spoken word
3. Reads and spells words with two consonants togetherBuilds on: Blends sounds to read and spell short words like cat and sun
4. Reads and spells words with consonant digraphsBuilds on: Blends sounds to read and spell short words like cat and sun
5. Reads words with long vowel patterns and split digraphsBuilds on: Reads and spells words with consonant digraphs

Phonological awareness

1. Hears separate words and syllables in speechA starting point: builds on no earlier skill
2. Hears and says the first sound in a spoken wordBuilds on: Hears separate words and syllables in speech
3. Blends and segments all the sounds in a spoken wordBuilds on: Hears and says the first sound in a spoken word
4. Changes a sound in a spoken word to make a new wordBuilds on: Blends and segments all the sounds in a spoken word

Print conventions

1. Knows that print carries a messageA starting point: builds on no earlier skill
2. Handles a book and tracks print the right wayBuilds on: Knows that print carries a message
3. Tells letters, words, numerals and punctuation apart on the pageBuilds on: Knows that print carries a message

Reading comprehension

1. Predicts what a text will be about and links it to your lifeBuilds on: Knows that print carries a message
2. Uses words you already know to make sense of a textBuilds on: Knows that print carries a message
3. Finds who, what, when, where and why in a textBuilds on: Uses words you already know to make sense of a text
4. Works out how a sentence puts its meaning togetherBuilds on: Finds who, what, when, where and why in a text
5. Retells a text in orderBuilds on: Finds who, what, when, where and why in a text
6. Notices when reading stops making sense and fixes itBuilds on: Uses words you already know to make sense of a text; Blends sounds to read and spell short words like cat and sun

Reading fluency

1. Reads taught words automatically, without sounding outBuilds on: Blends sounds to read and spell short words like cat and sun
2. Reads simple sentences aloud in phrasesBuilds on: Reads taught words automatically, without sounding out
3. Uses the voice and the punctuation to read with expressionBuilds on: Reads simple sentences aloud in phrases

Understanding and responding to literature

1. Finds your own world in the texts you readBuilds on: Predicts what a text will be about and links it to your life
2. Knows that texts are made for different reasonsBuilds on: Predicts what a text will be about and links it to your life
3. Knows how a story is builtBuilds on: Retells a text in order
4. Talks about what characters are like and why they actBuilds on: Knows how a story is built
5. Notices how pictures and playful words add meaningBuilds on: Talks about what characters are like and why they act
6. Says what you think about a text and whyBuilds on: Talks about what characters are like and why they act; Finds who, what, when, where and why in a text

Vocabulary

1. Learns and uses everyday and taught wordsA starting point: builds on no earlier skill
2. Uses words to name, describe and sortBuilds on: Learns and uses everyday and taught words
3. Chooses the right word and plays with wordsBuilds on: Uses words to name, describe and sort

Early writing

1. Writes a correct simple sentence with a capital letter and a full stopBuilds on: Forms every lower-case and upper-case letter in NSW Foundation Style
2. Uses capital letters for proper nouns and uses question and exclamation marksBuilds on: Writes a correct simple sentence with a capital letter and a full stop
3. Identifies and uses nouns and verbs in own simple sentencesBuilds on: Writes a correct simple sentence with a capital letter and a full stop
4. Plans writing with drawings and improves it after feedbackBuilds on: Writes a correct simple sentence with a capital letter and a full stop
5. Uses personal pronouns and prepositional phrases that show time or placeBuilds on: Writes a correct simple sentence with a capital letter and a full stop
6. Writes at least two related ideas in order using time connectivesBuilds on: Writes a correct simple sentence with a capital letter and a full stop
7. Experiments with joining two ideas into a compound sentenceBuilds on: Writes a correct simple sentence with a capital letter and a full stop; Writes at least two related ideas in order using time connectives
8. Writes short texts that describe, recount, tell a story or give an opinionBuilds on: Writes at least two related ideas in order using time connectives
9. Chooses nouns, verbs, adjectives and articles deliberately in own writingBuilds on: Identifies and uses nouns and verbs in own simple sentences

Handwriting

1. Produces letters using a keyboard, touch screen, stylus or speech-to-textA starting point: builds on no earlier skill
2. Forms every lower-case and upper-case letter in NSW Foundation StyleA starting point: builds on no earlier skill

Spelling

1. Segments spoken words into syllables and phonemes as a strategy for spellingA starting point: builds on no earlier skill
2. Uses position rules for zz, ss, ll, ff, ck and ve, and experiments with vowel digraphsBuilds on: Segments spoken words into syllables and phonemes as a strategy for spelling
3. Writes their own name and taught high-frequency words using letter-sound knowledgeBuilds on: Segments spoken words into syllables and phonemes as a strategy for spelling
4. Adds plural -s and tense suffixes, and spells compound words and homophonesBuilds on: Writes their own name and taught high-frequency words using letter-sound knowledge

Understanding and using grammar when interacting

1. Builds spoken sentences and joins ideas with and, but and becauseBuilds on: Starts, joins and takes turns in conversation, staying on topic
2. Talks about the past using regular and irregular past-tense verbsBuilds on: Builds spoken sentences and joins ideas with and, but and because

Listening for understanding

1. Listens to and follows spoken instructions of up to three partsA starting point: builds on no earlier skill
2. Recognises how faces, hands and body add meaning to what is saidA starting point: builds on no earlier skill
3. Listens for a purpose by agreeing, disagreeing, adding on or sharing a feelingBuilds on: Listens to and follows spoken instructions of up to three parts
4. Follows who and when in speech by tracking pronouns and word endingsBuilds on: Listens to and follows spoken instructions of up to three parts

Oral narrative

1. Retells a familiar story or event and recalls its detailsBuilds on: Listens to and follows spoken instructions of up to three parts; Builds spoken sentences and joins ideas with and, but and because
2. Tells an original story or shares information with peers and adultsBuilds on: Retells a familiar story or event and recalls its details

Social and learning interactions

1. Starts, joins and takes turns in conversation, staying on topicBuilds on: Listens to and follows spoken instructions of up to three parts
2. Uses imaginative language to pretend and act out stories in playBuilds on: Starts, joins and takes turns in conversation, staying on topic
3. Uses talk to ask for what is needed and to ask who, what, when, where, why and howBuilds on: Starts, joins and takes turns in conversation, staying on topic
4. Gives reasons, opinions and simple persuasion when speakingBuilds on: Starts, joins and takes turns in conversation, staying on topic; Uses talk to ask for what is needed and to ask who, what, when, where, why and how

Early number sense

1. Counts forwards and backwards to 20A starting point: builds on no earlier skill
2. Reads and writes numerals to 10Builds on: Counts forwards and backwards to 20
3. Compares two groups to say which has more or fewerBuilds on: Counts forwards and backwards to 20
4. Combines and separates small groups to model adding and taking awayBuilds on: Reads and writes numerals to 10; Compares two groups to say which has more or fewer

Comparing and sorting

1. Compares the length of two objects directlyA starting point: builds on no earlier skill
2. Sorts and names circles, squares, triangles and rectanglesA starting point: builds on no earlier skill