Find a skill and its lesson.

Phonic knowledge

1. Reads and spells words with three consonants togetherBuilds on: Reads and spells words with two consonants together (Kindergarten)
2. Reads and spells words with extended vowel graphs and digraphsBuilds on: Reads words with long vowel patterns and split digraphs (Kindergarten)
3. Decodes less common digraphs, trigraphs and quadgraphsBuilds on: Reads and spells words with extended vowel graphs and digraphs
4. Decodes two-syllable wordsBuilds on: Reads and spells words with extended vowel graphs and digraphs

Reading comprehension

1. Uses visual features and navigation paths in digital textsBuilds on: Predicts what a text will be about and links it to your life (Kindergarten)
2. Predicts from text type and author, then checksBuilds on: Predicts what a text will be about and links it to your life (Kindergarten)
3. Reads complex sentences and tracks what each word refers toBuilds on: Works out how a sentence puts its meaning together (Kindergarten)
4. Works out unknown words while readingBuilds on: Uses words you already know to make sense of a text (Kindergarten)
5. Makes simple inferences using clues in the textBuilds on: Finds who, what, when, where and why in a text (Kindergarten); Reads complex sentences and tracks what each word refers to
6. Pulls information together from across a whole textBuilds on: Makes simple inferences using clues in the text
7. Retells and summarises what was readBuilds on: Retells a text in order (Kindergarten); Pulls information together from across a whole text

Reading fluency

1. Reads aloud with accuracy, phrasing and expressionBuilds on: Uses the voice and the punctuation to read with expression (Kindergarten); Reads and spells words with extended vowel graphs and digraphs
2. Monitors own reading and self-correctsBuilds on: Notices when reading stops making sense and fixes it (Kindergarten); Reads aloud with accuracy, phrasing and expression

Understanding and responding to literature

1. Compares characters and how they are builtBuilds on: Talks about what characters are like and why they act (Kindergarten)
2. Sees how purpose, audience and setting shape a textBuilds on: Knows that texts are made for different reasons (Kindergarten)
3. Follows narrative patterns and the feelings they createBuilds on: Knows how a story is built (Kindergarten)
4. Notices how groups, cultures and worlds are representedBuilds on: Finds your own world in the texts you read (Kindergarten)
5. Recognises opinions and arguments in textsBuilds on: Says what you think about a text and why (Kindergarten); Sees how purpose, audience and setting shape a text
6. Spots figurative language, symbols and imagesBuilds on: Notices how pictures and playful words add meaning (Kindergarten); Understands jokes, riddles, rhyme and wordplay

Vocabulary

1. Builds word families and reads words with more than one meaningBuilds on: Chooses the right word and plays with words (Kindergarten)
2. Chooses precise and subject-specific wordsBuilds on: Builds word families and reads words with more than one meaning
3. Understands jokes, riddles, rhyme and wordplayBuilds on: Builds word families and reads words with more than one meaning

Handwriting

1. Forms all letters from memory with consistent size, slope and spacingBuilds on: Forms every lower-case and upper-case letter in NSW Foundation Style (Kindergarten)
2. Types texts using word-processing functions and punctuation keysBuilds on: Produces letters using a keyboard, touch screen, stylus or speech-to-text (Kindergarten)

Sentence craft

1. Builds precise noun groups and adds detail with verbs and adverbsBuilds on: Chooses nouns, verbs, adjectives and articles deliberately in own writing (Kindergarten)
2. Writes compound sentences using coordinating conjunctionsBuilds on: Experiments with joining two ideas into a compound sentence (Kindergarten)
3. Uses contextually precise prepositional phrases, articles and pronounsBuilds on: Uses personal pronouns and prepositional phrases that show time or place (Kindergarten)
4. Uses commas, question and exclamation marks, and quotation marks for dialogueBuilds on: Uses capital letters for proper nouns and uses question and exclamation marks (Kindergarten)
5. Experiments with complex sentences that carry a main message and a dependent clauseBuilds on: Writes compound sentences using coordinating conjunctions
6. Spells taught contractions and uses possessive apostrophesBuilds on: Uses commas, question and exclamation marks, and quotation marks for dialogue

Spelling

1. Segments single-syllable and multisyllabic words into phonemes to spell themBuilds on: Segments spoken words into syllables and phonemes as a strategy for spelling (Kindergarten)
2. Adds plural, tense, comparative and derivational suffixes using spelling conventionsBuilds on: Adds plural -s and tense suffixes, and spells compound words and homophones (Kindergarten)
3. Uses common prefixes and spells compound words and homophonesBuilds on: Adds plural, tense, comparative and derivational suffixes using spelling conventions
4. Spells base words using taught vowel and consonant letter patternsBuilds on: Segments single-syllable and multisyllabic words into phonemes to spell them

Creating written texts

1. Identifies context, audience and purpose and plans before writingBuilds on: Plans writing with drawings and improves it after feedback (Kindergarten)
2. Groups sentences into a paragraph that starts with a topic sentenceBuilds on: Writes at least two related ideas in order using time connectives (Kindergarten); Writes compound sentences using coordinating conjunctions
3. Makes intentional and creative word choices to affect the readerBuilds on: Builds precise noun groups and adds detail with verbs and adverbs
4. Keeps conjunctions, referencing, agreement and tense consistent across a textBuilds on: Groups sentences into a paragraph that starts with a topic sentence; Writes compound sentences using coordinating conjunctions
5. Re-reads and edits own texts after receiving feedbackBuilds on: Plans writing with drawings and improves it after feedback (Kindergarten); Groups sentences into a paragraph that starts with a topic sentence
6. Writes texts that describe, explain, give an opinion, recount or tell a storyBuilds on: Writes short texts that describe, recount, tell a story or give an opinion (Kindergarten); Groups sentences into a paragraph that starts with a topic sentence
7. Uses visual elements and different modes to present own textsBuilds on: Writes texts that describe, explain, give an opinion, recount or tell a story

Understanding and using grammar when interacting

1. Uses simple, compound and complex sentences and sequences ideas when speakingBuilds on: Builds spoken sentences and joins ideas with and, but and because (Kindergarten)
2. Uses tense correctly to talk about past, present and future eventsBuilds on: Talks about the past using regular and irregular past-tense verbs (Kindergarten)
3. Elaborates with adjectives and adverbs, and links or compares ideasBuilds on: Uses simple, compound and complex sentences and sequences ideas when speaking

Listening for understanding

1. Notices when a message is unclear and asks questions to clarify and extendBuilds on: Recognises how faces, hands and body add meaning to what is said (Kindergarten); Listens for a purpose by agreeing, disagreeing, adding on or sharing a feeling (Kindergarten)
2. Follows extended instructions containing connectives and conjunctionsBuilds on: Listens to and follows spoken instructions of up to three parts (Kindergarten)
3. Listens to texts for enjoyment and recognises how own experience shapes an opinionBuilds on: Listens for a purpose by agreeing, disagreeing, adding on or sharing a feeling (Kindergarten)

Oral narrative

1. Recites poems and rhymes aloudBuilds on: Retells a familiar story or event and recalls its details (Kindergarten)
2. Recounts a narrative with its key componentsBuilds on: Retells a familiar story or event and recalls its details (Kindergarten); Uses simple, compound and complex sentences and sequences ideas when speaking
3. Adapts a narrative for a particular audienceBuilds on: Recounts a narrative with its key components; Recognises how faces, hands and body add meaning to what is said (Kindergarten)
4. Delivers a planned talk to an audience for a specific context and purposeBuilds on: Tells an original story or shares information with peers and adults (Kindergarten); Recounts a narrative with its key components

Social and learning interactions

1. Initiates, listens and responds in partner and group conversationsBuilds on: Starts, joins and takes turns in conversation, staying on topic (Kindergarten); Listens for a purpose by agreeing, disagreeing, adding on or sharing a feeling (Kindergarten)