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1. Science and Technology K–6 · Years 1–2

   Bend, twist, stretch and fold: changing materials without changing what they are

   Physical actions change a material's shape, and some changes spring back while others stay, but the material stays the same stuff.

   PracticalLow risk

2. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 2

   Breaking into smaller pieces: crushed chalk is still chalk

   Snapping and crushing chalk makes smaller and smaller pieces without making a new material: the powder marks paper the same way, the pieces still add up to the same length, and the sealed bag weighs the same at every step.

   PracticalLow risk

3. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 3

   Chocolate, butter, wax and ice: different solids melt at different temperatures

   Each solid changes to a liquid at its own temperature, so a warm-water bath with a thermometer lets a learner read off the melting temperature of several everyday materials.

   PracticalLow risk

4. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 3

   Cooling curve: how fast a cup of warm water loses heat

   A warm object loses heat to cooler surroundings, quickly at first and more slowly as the temperatures get closer, and a lid or insulation slows the loss.

   Practical, model not builtLow risk

5. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 3

   Freezing water: it takes up more room as ice

   Removing heat turns liquid water into solid ice, and unlike most substances water expands when it freezes, which can be measured as a rise of about 9 percent in volume.

   PracticalLow risk

6. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 3

   Melting ice: the thermometer stops at zero

   Adding heat to ice makes it melt, but while ice and water are together the temperature stays at 0 degrees Celsius because the energy is being used to change state, not to warm the water.

   Practical, model not builtLow risk

7. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 3

   Solid or liquid? Testing properties, then meeting cornflour slime

   Solids keep their shape and liquids take the shape of their container and can be poured, and testing those properties on a cornflour and water mixture shows why scientists test rather than assume.

   PracticalLow risk

8. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 5

   Balloon on a bottle: air expands when it is warmed

   Warming a gas makes its particles move faster and spread out, so air in a bottle expands and inflates a balloon, and cooling reverses it, without any air being added.

   Practical, model not builtLow risk

9. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 5

   Food dye in hot and cold water: particles move faster when warm

   Particles in a liquid are always moving and move faster when warmer, so a drop of dye spreads through warm water sooner than through cold, though the fast swirling seen in a glass is mostly currents and true particle spreading is slow.

   Practical, model not builtLow risk

10. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 5

    Squash the syringe: gases compress, liquids do not

    Gas particles are far apart with empty space between them, so a sealed syringe of air can be pushed to half its volume, while water particles are already touching and the plunger will not move.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk

11. Science and Technology K–6 · Year 6

    Heat and food: which changes can be undone?

    Heating melts chocolate and butter, changes that reverse on cooling, but sets egg white and browns bread, changes that make new substances and cannot be undone.

    Teacher-led practicalPracticalMedium risk