Lab

See the idea. Put it to the test.

956 practicals from Kindergarten to Year 12, in 9 subjects. A practical gives the idea, what you need, the steps, what you should see and a safety card. A teacher-led practical gives the idea and its hazards; its method is for tutors on the learning platform.

Review

Reviewed before publication (owner’s confirmation, 24 September 2026). That covers every practical here, and a practical’s page lists the sources its author read.

A safety card on every page

The risk, who supervises and the hazards. The 38 teacher-led practicals show their idea and hazards here; their materials, steps and sources, and any result, control or note that states a number or an amount, are for tutors and administrators on the learning platform.

School laboratory, not for home

207 practicals are medium or high risk. Each says so on its page: In a school laboratory, with a teacher supervising, under the school's risk assessment. Not for home.

Curriculum references

Each practical lists the NSW syllabus outcomes and Australian Curriculum v9 codes it supports. They are references, not a verified or complete curriculum alignment.

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A practical is carried out at the bench, in the classroom or outdoors. A practical with its model not built stands on its own; the page says where a step mentions the model. A calculation and data practical works from published figures by hand, with a calculator or in a spreadsheet. No Lab page includes an interactive model; the Concept Studio holds the demonstrations.

9 practicals

Mathematics 11–12 · Mathematics · Statistics and distributions (senior)

  1. Mathematics 11–12 · Years 11–12

    Estimating 30 seconds: z-scores and the empirical rule on a class dataset

    A class of time estimates gives a real dataset whose mean, median and mode can be compared, whose values convert to z-scores, and whose spread can be tested against the 68-95-99.7 rule.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk
  2. Mathematics 11–12 · Years 11–12

    Galton board: ten left-or-right bounces, Pascal's triangle and the binomial distribution

    A ball that goes left or right with equal chance at each of ten rows lands in bin k in C(10, k) ways out of 1024, so the bins fill in the proportions of Pascal's triangle.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk
  3. Mathematics 11–12 · Year 11

    Reaction times from the ruler drop: a class dataset for centre, spread and outliers

    A variable measured by every learner becomes a real distribution whose mean, median, standard deviation, quartiles and outliers mean something because the learners produced it.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk
  4. Mathematics 11–12 · Year 11

    Shared birthdays in a class: counting with permutations

    The chance that nobody in a group shares a birthday is an ordered selection of distinct days divided by all possible selections, and it falls below one half at only 23 people.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk
  5. Mathematics 11–12 · Years 11–12

    The sum of two dice: sample space, relative frequency and expected value

    Thirty-six equally likely outcomes give the sum of two dice a triangular distribution, and relative frequencies from hundreds of real rolls settle towards it as the number of rolls grows.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk
  6. Mathematics 11–12 · Years 11–12

    Three cups and a coin: conditional probability and the stick-or-switch game

    When a host who knows where the prize is always reveals an empty cup, switching wins two times in three, which a tree diagram predicts and 60 real trials confirm.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk
  7. Mathematics 11–12 · Year 12

    Drop height against bounce height: scatterplot, correlation and least-squares line

    Two measured variables with a physical link give a scatterplot whose strength and direction a correlation coefficient measures and whose trend a least-squares line predicts, within the measured range only.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk
  8. Mathematics 11–12 · Year 12

    Means of dice: the sampling distribution of the mean and the central limit theorem

    A single die is flat, but the mean of ten dice is bunched around 3.5 with a spread that shrinks with the square root of the sample size, and its distribution looks normal although the population does not.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk
  9. Mathematics 11–12 · Year 12

    Where does the spinner stop: a continuous uniform random variable

    The angle at which a fair spinner stops can take any value from 0 to 360 degrees, so probabilities come from areas under a flat density function rather than from counting outcomes.

    Practical, model not builtLow risk

For tutors and administrators

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